chapter: 6 | Water | solutions | Class 4 | Evs |

I. Conceptual Understanding

1. Why do we need tanks?

• Tanks are needed to store water for various uses like drinking, irrigation, and for cattle. They also help to increase the groundwater level and provide water during dry seasons.

2. How are tanks being polluted?

• Tanks are polluted by activities like bathing, washing clothes, cattle, and vehicles in the tank, throwing household wastes and animal carcasses, using the tank as toilets, and immersing idols made with chemicals. Additionally, sewage water and chemical effluents from factories also contribute to pollution.

3. How should we conserve our tanks?

• We should stop polluting tanks by avoiding harmful practices such as dumping waste and chemicals. Proper maintenance should be done by removing weeds, cleaning tanks regularly, and ensuring proper water channels to refill the tanks.

II. Questioning and Hypothesis

4. Ask your teacher what will happen if all the tanks dry up.

• If all the tanks dry up, it would lead to water scarcity, affecting drinking water, agriculture, and cattle. Groundwater levels would decrease, and people would struggle for their daily water needs.

III. Experiments and Field Observations

5. With the help of your teacher, visit a nearby field. Observe how water is supplied to the fields. Draw a block diagram.

• (This is a field activity where students are expected to visit a field and observe the water supply system, then create a diagram based on their observations.)

IV. Information Skills and Projects

6. Collect information about a tank in your village and write the history of the tank.

• (This is a project-based activity where students are asked to gather information from elders or local sources about a village tank and document its history.)

V. Drawing and Model Making

7. Prepare a chart showing the water cycle.

• (Students should create a chart that illustrates the process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, explaining how the water cycle works.)

water cycle

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous process by which water moves through the Earth’s atmosphere, surface, and underground. It consists of several key steps:

1. Evaporation

• The cycle starts when the Sun heats up water in oceans, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, causing it to turn into water vapor. This process, known as evaporation, transfers water from the Earth’s surface into the atmosphere as gas.

2. Condensation

• As water vapor rises, it cools down and turns back into liquid, forming tiny droplets in the atmosphere. This process, called condensation, leads to the formation of clouds. When these droplets gather together, they create larger water droplets.

3. Precipitation

• When the clouds become heavy with water droplets, they release this water back to the Earth in the form of precipitation. Precipitation can be rain, snow, sleet, or hail, depending on the temperature and weather conditions.

4. Collection

• After precipitation, the water collects on the Earth’s surface in oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Some of it seeps into the ground, replenishing aquifers, while the rest flows into rivers and streams, eventually making its way back to larger bodies of water.

5. Runoff and Infiltration

• The water that falls on the ground can flow over the surface as runoff, joining rivers and streams. Some water also seeps into the ground, a process known as infiltration, which replenishes groundwater supplies.

6. Transpiration

• Plants absorb water from the soil and release it into the atmosphere through their leaves in a process called transpiration. This process also contributes to the moisture in the atmosphere.

Continuous Cycle

• This cycle repeats as the water evaporates again, forms clouds, and falls as precipitation. The water cycle is essential for life, as it distributes fresh water across the planet, helping to maintain ecosystems, weather patterns, and life itself.

The water cycle is a natural recycling system that keeps water circulating throughout Earth, making it one of the most important natural processes for sustaining life.

VI. Appreciation

8. Prepare some slogans to stop pollution of water.

• Example slogans:

• “Save water, save life!”

• “Keep our tanks clean for a healthy future!”

• “Say no to water pollution, yes to clean water!”

• “Protect water bodies, protect life!”