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📘 Nouns – Singular and Plural
🔹 What is a Noun?
A noun is a naming word.
It names a person, place, animal, thing, or idea.
Examples:
boy, school, dog, book, happiness
🔹 Singular Nouns
A singular noun names one person, animal, place, or thing.
Examples:
- one cat
- one pen
- one girl
- one tree
👉 If there is only one, the noun is singular.
🔹 Plural Nouns
A plural noun names more than one person, animal, place, or thing.
Examples:
- two cats
- many pens
- three girls
- many trees
👉 If there are two or more, the noun is plural.
✨ Rules to Form Plural Nouns
✅ Rule 1: Add
–s
For most nouns, add –s.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| cat | cats |
| book | books |
| ball | balls |
✅ Rule 2: Add
–es
Add –es to nouns ending in s, sh, ch, x, z.
✅ Rule 3: Change
–y to –ies
If a noun ends in consonant + y, change y to ies.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| baby | babies |
| city | cities |
| lady | ladies |
👉 If the noun ends in vowel + y, just add –s
boy → boys, toy → toys
✅ Rule 4: Change
–f or –fe to –ves
Some nouns ending in f or fe change to ves.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| leaf | leaves |
| wolf | wolves |
| knife | knives |
✅ Rule 5: Irregular Plurals
Some nouns change completely.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| man | men |
| woman | women |
| child | children |
| mouse | mice |
| tooth | teeth |
✅ Same Form for Singular and Plural
Some nouns stay the same.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| sheep | sheep |
| deer | deer |
| fish | fish |
📝 Practice Examples
🔹 Choose the correct form:
- One dog → two ______
- One baby → three ______
- One box → many ______
🔹 Identify:
- apple → Singular or Plural?
- children → Singular or Plural?
🎯 Quick Tip for Students
👉 One = Singular
👉 More than one = Plural