1. Understanding a Child:

A. Constructs of childhood

Concept of childhood and its importance.
Commonalities and diversities within the notion of childhood
Multiple Childhoods in Indian & Global Context
Role of Family, School in Socialization
Parenting, Family and adult-child relationships
Child rearing practices.

B. Methods and techniques of data collection:

Observation, Interviews, Reflective Journals, Anecdotal records and Narratives,
Introspection, Experimental method, Questionnaire, Case Study, Rating Scales, Longitudinal
and Cross-Cultural Approaches, Action Research in Education

C. Perspectives in Development:

Concept of Growth, Development and Maturation
Principles of development
Factors influencing development
Developmental milestones & Hazards
Branches of Psychology
Physical – Motor Development
Growth and maturation
School culture, relationships with teachers
Teacher expectations and School achievement
Being out of school, Over-age learner

1. Social Development:

Concept and processes of socialization
Role of family, peers, school, mass media and culture
Role of competition, Cooperation, Discipline, Reward and Punishment Conflict, Aggression and Bullying in Social Development

2. Emotional Development:

Basic understanding of emotions, Types and their development
Emotional maturity, Emotional quotient, and management of emotions
Role of family and school in Emotional Development

3. Language development:

Development of speech and language
Perspectives in Language Development – Skinner, Bandura and Chomsky

4. Moral Development:

Perspectives on various theories of moral development
Cultural variations in moral reasoning

5. Play and development:

Meaning of play and its functions
Types and kinds of play
Games and group dynamics: Rules of games and how children learn to negotiate differences and resolve conflict

6. A sense of self:

Self-Description, Self-Recognition, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Social Comparison,
Internalization And Self-Control

D. Cognition and Cognitive Development

Cognition meaning, Stage wise cognitive development
Developmental factors of Cognition: Perception, Thinking, Attention, Imagination, Problem solving, Reasoning, Meta-cognition, Creativity
Individual differences: Intelligence, Nature and theories of intelligence – Single Factor
Theory, Two Factor Theory, Multifactor Theory, Group Factor Theory, Guildford Model of Intellect, Multiple Intelligences, IQ, Intelligence tests
Perspectives on Cognitive Development – Piaget and Vygotsky
Concept formation: Meaning of Concept, Concept formation – Bruner, Piaget
Processes of Learning Content: Learning Processes among children – How do children learn?
Behaviourism – Fundamental concepts and Applications
Thought and discrimination: The relation between thought process and learning, Cognition– Learning, Cognition Development, Structuralism – Class room applications
Building on children’s existing ideas, Making connections, Making of a meaning,
Relationship of concepts, Big ideas, Using graphic organizers and concept maps
Experiential learning

E. Personality

Meaning, Definition, Characteristics and Elements of Personality
Factors influencing personality, Physical and Socio-cultural factors
Theories of Personality
Assessment of Personality – Projective and non-projective techniques
Mental Health, Adjustment, Defence mechanisms, Conflicts, Frustration Stress, Anxiety,
Maladjustment, Guidance and counselling

2. Understanding Learning

Learning- Meaning, Nature , Types of learning, Learning Curves
Contexts of learning: Home, School, and Environment
Factors influencing learning: Maturation, Emotions, Learning environment, Motivation, Interests, Aptitude, and Attitude
Theories of learning: Trial and Error, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, learning by Insight, Social Learning Theory, Bruner’s Theory of Instruction, Constructivism – Piaget, Vygotsky, Reciprocal Teaching, Collaborative Learning, Construction of knowledge-5E Method, Role of Language & a Teacher its Classroom applications
Transfer of learning: Meaning, Types and Theories of Learning, Transfer of Learning,
Memory and Forgetting.
Children with Special Needs: Learning disabilities, Importance of early intervention, IEP, Differentiated learning
Creating inclusive learner friendly environment: Inclusive Education, Importance, Need for multiple resources, Ways and means of adapting to diverse needs, Flexible planning, Classroom management, Inclusive schools

3 Pedagogy :

A. Pedagogy – Conceptions and Perspectives

Learner, Knowledge, Learning – Types of Learning – Concept & Nature, Child’s abilities before coming to school and its implications. Concept of Curriculum and its Components,
Schooling: Inter-linkages and relationships
Critical examination of terminologies and notions associated with child centred education such as Activity-based learning, Joyful learning etc.
Critical understanding of various methods and approaches of teaching learning, Facilitating learning, Teacher as reflective practitioner, Collaborative and Cooperative learning

B. Pedagogy – Resources and Practices

Critical Pedagogy – Concept, Necessity, and Applications in Teaching-Learning process
Reflections on school of thought and theories: Gijubhai , A.S. Neill – Summer hill School, Totto-chan – Tomoe School, Makarenko, John Holt, Paulo Freire, Jean Piaget, Bruner, Vygotsky and other Educationalists
Inclusive and Special Practices
Pedagogy – Resource Management
Range of physical resources and objects: Digital resources; Films and media etc.
Connecting Children’s Pre-school Knowledge with School Subjects
Classroom organization and management: Changing pedagogies and Classroom management
Assessment, Evaluation-types, Tools of assessment, CCE
Analysis and interpretation of learner’s data using various statistical measures and graphs for assessment and evaluation
Latest educational policies and Acts of government ( State, Nation) such as Child Right
Act, RTI Act, RTE Act, NCF 2005, APSCF 2011, NEP 2020, National Curriculum Framework for School Education NCFSE-2023 etc.

II. ICT (Information & Communication Technology)

A. ICT Fundamentals

l Core Concepts: Understanding ICT, computer hardware, software, input, output devices,

the internet, and netiquette. etc.

l Content Creation: Content development in various formats (text, documents, presentations,

spreadsheets etc.) and explore Open Educational Resources (OERs).

l ICT Policies & Learning

Policies: Key features of National and State-level ICT policies

Learning Processes: Utilize ICT to create effective learning environments and support

pedagogical practices, including educational games, puzzles, Quizzes, etc.

B. ICT Resources & Integration

Resource Exploration: Explore various hardware (CD/DVD, Projectors, Interactive boards)

and software (audio, video, multimedia, editing) in a computer lab setting.

Web & Media: Usage of web applications, the Internet, Animations, and Simulations etc.

l Evaluation & Adoption: Evaluate and adopt suitable ICT resources for educational purposes

l Pedagogical Integration: Content analysis and methods to map them with appropriate

ICTs, alternatives, and organization of classrooms for integrated lessons

l Assessment & Professional Development: Integrate ICT into assessment methods and

tools and professional development

l Cyber security & Tools: Cyber law, Security, Freeware, Snippets, and Multimedia utilities.

l Social Media: Importance of social media in learning

l Teacher Development: Usage of online courses and connected groups like subject forums

for Continuous Professional Development

l Educational Software: Educational software like Canva, Tutor, Moodle etc.

l Open Platforms: Utilization of Open Educational Resources and different ICT platforms

like MOOCs, DIKSHA etc.